[254] In May 1960, KANU nominated Kenyatta as its president, although the government vetoed it, insisting that he had been an instigator of the Mau Mau. The violence continued sporadically until 1996, with an estimated 1500 killed and 300,000 displaced in the Rift Valley. [322] Over the course of 1965 and 1966, several constitutional amendments enhanced the president's power. Jeni Makena Gecaga nee Kenyatta is mother to Soiya Gecaga, Nana Gecaga, and Jomo Gecaga, who serves as President Uhuru Kenyatta's private secretary [9]. [162] He became frustrated by the distance between him and Kenya, telling Edna that he felt "like a general separated by 5000 miles from his troops". [228] In April 1954, they had been joined by a captured Mau Mau commander, Waruhiu Itote; Kenyatta befriended him, and gave him English lessons. The remnants of the British military in Kenya also started playing an active role in planning Jomo's funeral, led by Col J.R. Anderson - the most senior British military official and who acted as adviser to the Ministry of Defence - then under Dr Mungai. [186] Relations with the white minority remained strained; for most white Kenyans, Kenyatta was their principal enemy, an agitator with links to the Soviet Union who had the impertinence to marry a white woman. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Matthew Patay Family (1) Spouse Ngina Muhoho (1951 - 22 August 1978) (his death) (4 children) Edna Clarke (May 1942 - ?) [135] In October 1938, he gave a talk to the Manchester Fabian Society in which he described British colonial policy as fascism and compared the treatment of indigenous people in East Africa to the treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany. Education and healthcare were expanded, while UK-funded land redistribution favoured KANU loyalists and exacerbated ethnic tensions. [151], "In the last war 300,000 of my people fought in the British Army to drive the Germans from East Africa and 60,000 of them lost their lives. [313] Kenyatta also faced domestic opposition: in January 1964, sections of the army launched a mutiny in Nairobi, and Kenyatta called on the British Army to put down the rebellion. [132] When Ethiopia's monarch Haile Selassie fled to London in exile, Kenyatta personally welcomed him at Waterloo station. [363] Other businesses they were involved with included ruby mining in Tsavo National Park, the casino business, the charcoal tradewhich was causing significant deforestationand the ivory trade. [497] The academics Bruce J. Berman and John M. Lonsdale argued that Marxist frameworks for analysing society influenced some of his beliefs, such as his view that British colonialism had to be destroyed rather than simply reformed. [194] As KAU leader, he was at pains to oppose all illegal activity, including workers' strikes. [121] Fellow course-mates included the anthropologists Audrey Richards, Lucy Mair, and Elspeth Huxley. Let Mau Mau perish forever. [556] Those desiring a radical transformation of Kenyan society often compared Kenyatta's Kenya unfavourably with its southern neighbour, Julius Nyerere's Tanzania. [395] In reality, his foreign policy was pro-Western and in particular pro-British. [115] The book was published under Armstrong's name, although Kenyatta claimed he should have been listed as co-author. On being greeted by a crowd shouting KPU slogans, he lost his temper. [414] Opposition to Kenyatta's government grew, particularly following the assassination of Pio Pinto in February 1965. [57] Kenyatta had two children from his first marriage with Grace Wahu: son Peter Muigai Kenyatta (born 1920), who later became a deputy minister; and daughter Margaret Kenyatta (born 1928). [270] In January 1962 he was elected unopposed as KANU's representative for the Fort Hall constituency in the legislative council after its sitting member, Kariuki Njiiri, resigned. [241] The Governor of Kenya, Patrick Muir Renison, insisted that it was necessary; in a March 1961 speech, he described Kenyatta an "African leader to darkness and death" and stated that if he were released, violence would erupt. He married his fourth wife in 1951. His children included President Uhuru Kenyatta, by his fourth and. [326] This contributed to a perception among many Kenyans that independence had simply seen the dominance of a British elite replaced by the dominance of a Kikuyu elite. [306] He also encouraged the remaining Mau Mau fighters to leave the forests and settle in society. [503], "Ever a showman, [Kenyatta] could appear one moment in gaily coloured shirts, decorated with the cock of KANU, and the next in elegant suits from Savile Row, seldom without a rose in his buttonhole; he could be photographed in leopard-skin hat and cloak waving a silver fly-whisk or in old slacks on his farm tending his shrubs; he was equally at home in academic robes at a university function and in sandals and shorts on the beach at Mombasa. [489], While in Britain, Kenyatta made political alliances with individuals committed to Marxism and to radical Pan-Africanism, the idea that African countries should politically unify;[490] some commentators have posthumously characterised Kenyatta as a Pan-Africanist. [95] In late 1932, he joined Padmore in Germany. [430] The killing sparked tensions between the Kikuyu and other ethnic groups across the country,[434] with riots breaking out in Nairobi. Children of Jomo Kenyatta and Grace Wahu Peter Muigai Kenyatta 1920 Margaret Wambui Kenyatta 1928 Son of Jomo Kenyatta and Edna Grace Clarke Peter Magana Kenyatta 1943 Daughter of Jomo Kenyatta and Grace Wanjiku Jane Wambui Kenyatta 1950 Children of Jomo Kenyatta and Ngina Muhoho Christine Wambui Kenyatta 1952 Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta 1961 [512] A. R. Barlow, a member of the Church of Scotland Mission at Kikuyu, met with Kenyatta in Britain, later relating that he was impressed by how Kenyatta could "mix on equal terms with Europeans and to hold his end up in spite of his handicaps, educationally and socially. [486] Donald Savage noted that Kenyatta believed in "the importance of authority and tradition", and that he displayed "a remarkably consistent view of development through self-help and hard work". After his death in 1978, Ngina Kenyatta, his fourth wife, played a pivotal role in . [12], "Missionaries have done a lot of good work because it was through the missionary that many of the Kikuyu got their first education and were able to learn how to read and write Also, the medical side of it: the missionary did very well. [129] To earn money, he worked as one of 250 black extras in the film Sanders of the River, filmed at Shepperton Studios in Autumn 1934. [325] The Kikuyuwho made up around 20 percent of populationstill held most of the country's important government and administrative positions. James. [73] Kenyatta was strongly influenced by his time in the Soviet Union. University College London and the London School of Economics: 19331939, Presidency of the Kenya African Union: 19461952, Domestic influence and posthumous assessment, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 15:12, Communist University of the Toilers of the East, Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, supported the abolition of this traditional practice, International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, International African Friends of Abyssinia, Indian National Congress of Great Britain, Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation, a legal change revoked their right to do so, United States Agency for International Development, "Kenyatta Family Seeks Approval To For Its Dream City Outside Nairobi", Africa: Rivista Trimestrale di Studi e Documentazione dell'Istituto Italiano Perl'Africa e l'Oriente, "Funeral Planning: British Involvement in the Funeral of President Jomo Kenyatta", A 1964 newsreel from British Pathe of Kenyatta's swearing in as President of Kenya, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jomo_Kenyatta&oldid=1141137892, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 15:12. ", Kenyatta was an African nationalist,[475] and was committed to the belief that European colonial rule in Africa must end. Corrections? [473], "Kenyatta possessed the common touch and great leadership qualities. [89] In Britain, he spent the summer attending an Independent Labour Party summer school and Fabian Society gatherings. [198] For many young Mau Mau militants, Kenyatta was regarded as a hero,[199] and they included his name in the oaths they gave to the organisation; such oathing was a Kikuyu custom by which individuals pledged allegiance to another. He was one of the earliest of the Kikuyu to leave the confines of his own culture. His niece, Beth Mugo, married to a retired ambassador, was an MP and also served as Minister for Public Health. [57], After the KCA raised sufficient funds, in February 1929 Kenyatta sailed from Mombasa to Britain. [362] The Kenyatta family also heavily invested in the coastal hotel business, Kenyatta personally owning the Leonard Beach Hotel. [306] Kenyans who made claims to land on the basis of ancestral ownership often found the land given to other people, including Kenyans from different parts of the country. [470] Moi emphasised his loyalty to Kenyatta"I followed and was faithful to him until his last day, even when his closest friends forsook him"and there was much expectation that he would continue the policies inaugurated by Kenyatta. Throughout the 1920s Jomo Kenyatta immersed himself in the movement against a white-settler-dominated Kenyan government. [8] Wambui subsequently bore another son, Kongo,[9] shortly before Muigai died. ", In November 1909, Kenyatta left home and enrolled as a pupil at the Church of Scotland Mission (CSM) at Thogoto. He has two sisters siblings Soiya Gecaga, . ", Kenyatta biographer Jeremy Murray-Brown[297], Kenyatta was a flamboyant character,[504] with an extroverted personality. Influenced by his friend George Padmore, he embraced anti-colonialist and Pan-African ideas, co-organising the 1945 Pan-African Congress in Manchester. Kenyatta Junior and Fiona Achola Ngobi are long time lovers. I believe in Christianity as a whole. [283] KANU opposed Majimbo, believing that it served entrenched interests and denied equal opportunities across Kenya; they also insisted on an elected head of government. [109] He also produced an article for a November 1933 issue of Labour Monthly,[110] and in May 1934 had a letter published in The Manchester Guardian. [179] It was also beset with problems, including a decline in standards and teachers' strikes over non-payment of wages. Kenyatta was the uncle of Ngethe Njoroge, Kenya's first representative to the United Nations and the great uncle of Tom Morello, the guitarist for Rage Against the Machine. [30] Kenyatta lived with the family of an aunt who had married a Maasai chief,[31] adopting Maasai customs and wearing Maasai jewellery, including a beaded belt known as kinyata in the Kikuyu language. [21] In 1913, he underwent the Kikuyu circumcision ritual; the missionaries generally disapproved of this custom, but it was an important aspect of Kikuyu tradition, allowing Kenyatta to be recognized as an adult. [171] He decided not to bring Ednawho was pregnant with a second child[172]with him, aware that if they joined him in Kenya their lives would be made very difficult by the colony's racial laws. In 1938, he published an anthropological study of Kikuyu life before working as a farm labourer in Sussex during the Second World War. [78] Although Kenyatta enjoyed life in London and feared arrest if he returned home,[79] he sailed back to Mombasa in September 1930. about by swifter communications and mass media which probe into and make familiar all the social patterns of our human family. [8] She died when giving birth in 1951. The aged Kenyatta died in office in Nairobi on August 22, 1978. [383] Between 1964 and 1966, the number of primary schools grew by 11.6%, and the number of secondary schools by 80%. Alternate titles: Johnstone Kamau, Kamau, son of Ngengi. [537] From 1963 until his death, a cult of personality surrounded him in the country,[538] one which deliberately interlinked Kenyan nationalism with Kenyatta's own personality. Kenyatta maintained himself in England by lecturing and working as a farm labourer, and he continued to produce political pamphlets publicizing the Kikuyu cause. "[60] This did not prevent Grigg from writing to the authorities in London requesting permission to shut the magazine down. Founding President has to look good when his family checks on him inside Parliament grounds. [50] In either 1925 or early 1926, Beauttah moved to Uganda, but remained in contact with Kenyatta. [6][7], Kenyatta married his third wife, Grace Wanjiku, in 1946. Kenyatta was born to Kikuyu farmers in Kiambu, British East Africa. Introduced by the British Governor of Kenya, Edward Grigg, these Land Boards would hold all land in native reserves in trust for each tribal group. Kenyatta helped organize the fifth Pan-African Congress, which met in Manchester, England, on October 1518, 1945, with W.E.B. [498] Kenyatta nevertheless disagreed with the Marxist attitude that tribalism was backward and retrograde;[499] his positive attitude toward tribal society frustrated some of Kenyatta's Marxist Pan-Africanist friends in Britain, among them Padmore, James, and T. Ras Makonnen, who regarded it as parochial and un-progressive. The names of the Kapenguria Six were Bildad Kaggia, Fred Kubai, Paul Ngei, Achieng' Oneko, Kung'u Karumba, and Jomo Kenyata. Explore Kenya on AnswersAfrica.com, find out all about your favorite celebrities and indepth biographies of notable people including trending stories, quick facts, and updates. [226] The others were made to break rocks in the hot sun but Kenyatta, because of his age, was instead appointed their cook, preparing a daily diet of beans and posho. [389] This put a severe strain on social services; Kenyatta's government promoted family planning projects to stem the birth-rate, but these had little success. [525] Of these children, it was Margaret who was Kenyatta's closest confidante. A member of the Kikuyu people, Kenyatta was born with the name Kamau in the village of Ngenda. Two years ago, President Uhuru Kenyatta's eldest son Jomo Kenyatta with his wife Fiona Achola Ngobi, held their Itara near the monumental homestead. [37] The church insisted that a traditional Kikuyu wedding would be inadequate, and that he must undergo a Christian marriage;[38] this took place on 8November 1922. [387] In the short-term, its emphasis was on increasing the overall number of doctors and registered nurses while decreasing the number of expatriates in those positions. [44] He had sufficient funds that he could lend money to European clerks in the offices,[45] and could enjoy the lifestyle offered by Nairobi, which included cinemas, football matches, and imported British fashions. [264] In August, he was moved to Gatundu in Kikuyuland, where he was greeted by a crowd of 10,000. [164], Kenyatta and other senior IASB members began planning the fifth Pan-African Congress, held in Manchester in October 1945. [359] Kenyatta and his family were tied up with this corruption as they enriched themselves through the mass purchase of property after 1963. [343] Under Kenyatta, Western companies regarded Kenya as a safe and profitable place for investment;[344] between 1964 and 1970, large-scale foreign investment and industry in Kenya nearly doubled. "[479] This approach was similar to the Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda's ideology of "African humanism". [189] He insisted on intertribal representation on the KAU executive and ensured that party business was conducted in Swahili, the lingua franca of indigenous Kenyans. [353] To this end it emphasised social welfare schemes over traditional industrial institutions,[353] and in 1965 transformed the Kenya Federation of Labour into the Central Organization of Trade (COT), a body which came under strong government influence. [267] [152] On 11 May 1942 he married an English woman, Edna Grace Clarke, at Chanctonbury Registry Office. Du Bois of the United States in the chair; Kwame Nkrumah, the future leader of Ghana, was also present. Born into the dominant Kikuyu culture, Kenyatta became its most famous interpreter of Kikuyu traditions through his book Facing Mount Kenya.. Born Kamau Wa Muigai at Ng'enda village, Gatundu Division, Kiambu to Muigai and Wambui, Jomo Kenyatta served as the . [398] Britain remained one of Kenya's foremost sources of foreign trade; British aid to Kenya was among the highest in Africa. [223] The government took the case to the East African Court of Appeal, which reversed the Supreme Court's decision in August. He suggested that the British supported Kenyatta in this, seeing him as a bulwark against growing worker and peasant militancy who would ensure continued neo-colonial dominance. [386] It stated that its long-term goal was to establish a system of free, universal medical care. Surely if we are considered fit enough to take our rifles and fight side by side with white men we have a right to a direct say in the running of our country and to education. [204], "We Africans are in the majority [in Kenya], and we should have self-government. During the 1930s, he studied at Moscow's Communist University of the Toilers of the East, University College London, and the London School of Economics. [117] Enabled by a grant from the International African Institute,[118] he also took a social anthropology course under Bronisaw Malinowski at the London School of Economics (LSE). [235] By the late 1950s, the imprisoned Kenyatta had become a symbol of African nationalism across the continent. [422] Soon after the KPU's creation, the Kenyan Parliament amended the constitution to ensure that the defectorswho had originally been elected on the KANU ticketcould not automatically retain their seats and would have to stand for re-election. Keywords Decolonisation land Majimboism centralisation settlement schemes Type Chapter Information [271], Kenyatta traveled elsewhere in Africa, visiting Tanganyika in October 1961 and Ethiopia in November at the invitation of their governments. All people should search for Mau Mau and kill it. She appealed to the national and county government to provide free education to their suffering grandchildren and employment as well. [425] In October 1969, Kenyatta visited Kisumu, located in Luo territory, to open a hospital. At the meeting, Kenyatta raised the land issue and Thuku's exile, the atmosphere between the two being friendly. Husband of Ann Wanyoro Muigai; Private; Private; Esther Njoki Muigai; Private and 1 other. [277] He was also aware that the confidence of the white minority would be crucial to securing Western investment in Kenya's economy. They were impatient and wanted to see effective action. [207] Kenya's authorities believed that detaining Kenyatta would help quell civil unrest. [87], Between 1935 and 1937, Kenyatta worked as a linguistic informant for the Phonetics Department at University College London (UCL); his Kikuyu voice recordings assisted Lilias Armstrong's production of The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu. [202] In August he attended a much-publicised mass meeting in Kiambu wherein front of 30,000 peoplehe said that "Mau Mau has spoiled the country. ", After the United Kingdom entered World War II in September 1939, Kenyatta and Stock moved to the Sussex village of Storrington. [57] Jomo married Edna, Grace Kenyatta in 1942, at age 48. [40], In April 1922, Kenyatta began working as a stores clerk and meter reader for Cook, who had been appointed water superintendent for Nairobi's municipal council. "[528] Arnold stated that in England, Kenyatta's adherence to Christianity was "desultory". [510] During the 1920s and 1930s, Kenyatta cultivated the image of a "colonial gentleman";[511] in England, he displayed "pleasant manners" and a flexible attitude in adapting to urban situations dissimilar to the lands he had grown up in. [567] The Kenyatta family is among Kenya's biggest landowners. After eighteen months in Europe, Kenyatta had run out of money. [478] Kenyatta expressed this in his statement that "I have stood always for the purposes of human dignity in freedom, and for the values of tolerance and peace. . [10] Ngengi was harsh and resentful toward the three boys, and Wambui decided to take her youngest son to live with her parental family further north. (Itara is where the groom's family performs the last traditional marriage ceremony before the real wedding.) [187] He was nevertheless aware that to achieve independence, KAU needed the support of other indigenous tribes and ethnic groups. In photos that were later shared online, Jomo is seen standing next to Mr Odinga who appears to be having a swollen lip and a . [467] After Kenyatta's death, the transition of power proved smooth,[466] surprising many international commentators. [255] KANU then declared that it would refuse to take part in any government unless Kenyatta was freed. [138] Featuring an introduction written by Malinowski,[139] the book reflected Kenyatta's desire to use anthropology as a weapon against colonialism. (1946-1950), Ngina Kenyattam. He served as the country's first Prime Minister and went on to be the first Kenyan President from 1963 to his death in 1978. [520] He told his daughter "the English are wonderful people to live with in England. After his release he negotiated the constitutional terms of Kenyas independence, and in 1963 he became prime minister of a free Kenya. In this war large numbers of my people have been fighting to smash fascist power in Africa and have borne some of the hardest fights against the Italians. [212] It was clear to all concerned that Kenyatta was going to be the key to the future of Kenyan politics. [393], Facing the pressures of the Cold War,[394] Kenyatta officially pursued a policy of "positive non-alignment". Anna Nyokabi Muthama is immediate follower of Uhuru and was born I 1963. [312] British troops were assigned to assist the Kenyan Army in the region. Jomo Kenyatta, original name Kamau Ngengi, (born c. 1894, Ichaweri, British East Africa [now in Kenya]died August 22, 1978, Mombasa, Kenya), African statesman and nationalist, the first prime minister (196364) and then the first president (196478) of independent Kenya. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. (~1889 - 22 August 1978) was the leader of Kenya from independence in 1963 to his death in 1978, serving first as Prime Minister (1963-64) and then as President (1964-78). She often accompanied him in public, and some streets in Nairobi and Mombasa are named after her. [239] In October 1961 she bore him another son, Uhuru, and later on another daughter, Nyokabi, and a further son, Muhoho. - 22 August 1978) was an African social activist and politician; the first Prime Minister (1963-1964) . Kenyatta left the UK barely two years after Magana was born and returned to Kenya where he married his third wife, Grace Wanjiku, Senior Chief Koinange's daughter and sister to Mbiyu Koinange. [278] Throughout Kenyatta's rule, many of these individuals remained out of work, unemployment being one of the most persistent problems facing his government. [145] The book was published under the name "Jomo Kenyatta", the first time that he had done so; the term Jomo was close to a Kikuyu word describing the removal of a sword from its scabbard. [10] In keeping with Kikuyu tradition, Wambui then married her late husband's younger brother, Ngengi. [284] At Kenyatta's prompting, KANU conceded to some of KADU's demands; he was aware that he could amend the constitution when in office. The commission decided to offer compensation for some appropriated territories but maintained the white highlands policy, which restricted the Kikuyu to overcrowded reserves. Educated at a mission school, he worked in various jobs before becoming politically engaged through the Kikuyu Central Association. Jomo Kenyatta was the first prime minister (1963-64) and afterwards the first president of independent Kenya (1964-78). [305] Like many indigenous Africans in Kenya, Kenyatta bore a sense of resentment towards this community, despite the role that many Indians had played in securing the country's independence. "[309] He had flown Edna and Peter over for the ceremony, and in Kenya they were welcomed into Kenyatta's family by his other wives. [308] In a speech, Kenyatta described it as "the greatest day in Kenya's history and the happiest day in my life. [404] In turn, in 1976 the Israelis warned of a plot by the Palestinian Liberation Army to assassinate him, a threat he took seriously. [442] In 1966, it passed the Public Security (Detained and Restricted Persons) Regulations, allowing the authorities to arrest and detain anyone "for the preservation of public security" without putting them on trial. [371] Kenyatta himself expanded the land that he owned around Gatundu. "[513] The South African Peter Abrahams met Kenyatta in London, noting that of all the black men involved in the city's Pan-Africanist movement, he was "the most relaxed, sophisticated and 'westernized' of the lot of us". [25] He then requested that the mission recommend him for employment, but the head missionary refused because of an allegation of minor dishonesty. "[550] By the time of Kenyatta's death, Kenya had gained higher life expectancy rates than most of Sub-Saharan Africa. In 1914, he was baptized a Christian and given the name John Peter which he changed to Johnstone. [31] According to Murray-Brown, he "liked being at the centre of life",[505] and was always "a rebel at heart" who enjoyed "earthly pleasures". [18] He was soon joined at the mission dormitory by his brother Kongo. 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[ 322 ] Over the course of 1965 and 1966, several constitutional amendments enhanced the President power... Favoured KANU loyalists and exacerbated ethnic tensions and 1 other in keeping with Kikuyu tradition, Wambui married! The mission dormitory by his friend George Padmore, he joined Padmore Germany. ( Itara is where the groom & # x27 ; s family performs last... The last traditional marriage ceremony before the real wedding. Congress, which restricted the to... Was similar to the Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda 's ideology of `` African humanism.! Was Kenyatta 's death, the atmosphere between the two being friendly Kenyatta Junior and Fiona Achola are...

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