I found this short text difficult to comprehend, so I wanted to post my commentary in order to get some feedback on my understanding. The "Theses" identify political action as the only truth of philosophy, famously concluding: "Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it. To abstract from the historical process and to fix the religious sentiment as something by itself and to presuppose an abstract isolated human individual. This abstract individual personhood is not actually equal, despite what we claim. The number of distinct words in a sentence. All social life is essentially practical. Feuerbach begins his analysis from the fact of religious self-alienation of the separation of reality into two: the religious, imaginary world & the real world and seeks to resolve the former into a secular one. 17. Which basecaller for nanopore is the best to produce event tables with information about the block size/move table? Thus it happened that the active side, in opposition to materialism, was developed by idealism- but only abstractly, since idealism naturally does not know real, sensuous activity as such. . In its reality it is the ensemble of the social relations. The chief defect of all hitherto existing materialism that of Feuerbach included is that the thing, reality, sensuousness, is conceived only in the form of the object or of contemplation, but not as sensuous human activity, practice, not subjectively. [3], Marx sharply criticized the contemplative materialism of the Young Hegelians, viewing "the essence of man" in isolation and abstraction, instead arguing that the nature of man could only be understood in the context of his economic and social relations. User ID: 109262. ResearchGate has not been able to. 5. Permission is granted to copy and/or distribute this document under the terms of the Creative Commons ShareAlike License; What would Marx even find of value in it? Is the materialist doctrine referred to a valid one? Is Koestler's The Sleepwalkers still well regarded? The standpoint of the old materialism is civil society; the standpoint of the new is human society, or social humanity. 74. When we try to determine what is real by interpreting abstract logical concepts alone, through a priori thinking, we are unable to successfully determine truth. In February 1845 Karl Marx was deported from France at the behest of minister of foreign affairs Franois Guizot. . Humans only do this when they are VERY distressed. The highest point reached by intuitive materialism, that is, materialism which does not comprehend sense making as practical activity, is the contemplation of single individuals and of civil society. This doctrine must, therefore, divide society into two parts, one of which is superior to society. Apparently, humans merely see, touch, smell, hear, and taste in a one-sided way. His idea of alienation and religion heavily influenced Marx's views on alienation in society. Struggling with understanding Platonic idealism and idealism in general. Finished Papers. All mysteries which lead theory to mysticism find their rational solution in human practice and in the comprehension of this practice. How can Marx praise the idealists for developing the active side? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. E-Book Collections Title Lists and MARC Records, Latest Financial Press Releases and Reports. Finished paper. The highest point reached by contemplative [anschauende] materialism, that is, materialism which does not comprehend sensuousness as practical activity, is the contemplation of single individuals and of civil society [brgerlichen Gesellschaft]. The essence therefore can by him only be regarded as species', as an inner dumb' generality which unites many individuals only in a natural way. In actuality, it is the ensemble of social relations. The dispute over the actuality or non-actuality of thinking, isolated from practice, is a purely scholastic question. Reality and sensuousness is "human sensuous activity, practice". following sources: www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/index.htm and. Contemporary views on Hegels project often instate this new materialism in a manner that would be unfamiliar to readers of Marxs era, but appears harmonious. But he disagrees with his view of humans as unchanging. 16. The highest point of the old materialism which Marx refers to here is to political economists like David Ricardo. Has Microsoft lowered its Windows 11 eligibility criteria? The standpoint of the old materialism is civil society; the standpoint of the new is human society or social humanity. This view sees humans from an external viewpoint, classifying them in the same way we would a cat or a fruit fly, but humans have an active role in shaping what it means to be human. [7], Nor did Marx publish the "Theses on Feuerbach" during his lifetime. But the human essence is no abstraction inherent in individual individuals. There is no such thing as generalized humanity, only socially and historically specific humanity. First Published: As an Appendix to Engels' Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, 1886; thesis on feuerbach explained Aqa english literature b example essays author: manich date of post: 11112015 unfortunately, which help and the source products that are accounting. the last analysis on the class dynamics generated in the material process What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? One must study ideologies socially and historically. concentrate on social-historical-political questions such as "What are the studies But the essence of man is no abstraction inherent in each single individual. Marx Theses On Feuerbach Explained: Level: College, University, High School, Master's, PHD, Undergraduate. Given that we still live under capitalism, Marxs critiques of its basic premises are still important to consider. Reality and sensuousness is human sensuous activity, practice. Passively interpreting the world is an exercise in faulty reasoning and ends up naturalizing the status quo social order. The chief defect of all hitherto existing materialism that of Feuerbach included is that the thing, reality, sensuousness, is conceived only in the form of the object or of contemplation, but not as sensuous human activity, practice, not subjectively. Feuerbach resolves the religious essence into human essence. If it fails, it indicates the opposite. For the fact that the secular basis detaches itself from itself and establishes itself in the clouds as an independent realm can only be explained by the cleavage and self-contradictions within this secular basis. Often, they even claim all markets are capitalist, and therefore capitalism existed as long as people have been changing things. In "The Essence of Christianity'' he regards only the theoretical attitude as genuinely human, while practice is conceived and fixed only in its dirty-Jewish manifestation. In its reality it is the ensemble of the social relations. So there is no fixed human consciousness as Feuerbach believes. It requires direct engagement with reality, with practice rather than passive theory. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The German Ideology, including Theses on Feuerbach [Great Books in Philosophy] at the best online prices at eBay! Source: Marx/Engels Selected Works, Volume One, p. 13 15; Theses on Feuerbach. In its reality it is the ensemble of the social relations. [3] In connection with this project, Marx wrote a terse 11-point set of observations and epigrams regarding the ideas of Ludwig Feuerbach. Is there a more recent similar source? Lev Churbanov, Annotation to Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theses_on_Feuerbach&oldid=1115654925, This page was last edited on 12 October 2022, at 14:41. These could be seen as utopian socialist experiments to run a community by cooperative labor or a way to get poor people to work in the rural place you owned. Nursing Management Business and Economics History +104. ID 7766556. Partner is not responding when their writing is needed in European project application. I have used extended quotations because Plamenatz and Bender express the real nature of Marx's 'materialism' accurately in my view and because I cannot improve on their presentations. What are the limitations of Hegels Dialectic that Schelling identified? To make sense of something in the world we need to have a concept associated with it, it must be sensed as something. Feuerbachs conception of humanity was of an abstract, isolated human being. (historical materialism) which no ontological materialism could provide Marx, on the other hand, argues that the point of understanding the world through practice is to be a partisan in our social reality. Word Count: 399. More Study Guides | Since Marxism has been used by social movements across the world for successful socialist revolutions, Marxism still has real world importance. Questions for discussion: The iconic 11th thesis on Feuerbach as it appears in the original German manuscript Marx sharply criticized the contemplative materialismof the Young Hegelians, viewing "the essence of man" in isolation and abstraction, instead arguing that the nature of man could only be understood in the context of his economic and social relations. He overlooks the fact that after completing this work, the chief thing still remains to be done. b. The document is best remembered for its epigrammatic 11th and final thesis, "Philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to change it", which is engraved on Marx's tomb.[1]. The question whether objective truth can be attributed to human thinking is not a question of theory but is a practical question. They are longish but illuminating. Hence he does not grasp the significance of "revolutionary", of "practical-critical", activity. Rather, humans were inseparable from their surroundings, and especially the mode of production they existed in. To make sense of something in the world we need to have a concept associated with it, it must be sensed as something. The standpoint of the old materialism is civil society; the standpoint of the new is human society or social humanity. [4] Feuerbach wants sensuous objects that are really different from thought-objects, but he does not conceive human activity itself as objective activity. The highest point reached by contemplative [anschauende] materialism, that is, materialism which does not comprehend sensuousness as practical activity, is the contemplation of single individuals and of civil society [brgerlichen Gesellschaft]. Feuerbach was a fellow Young Hegelian who Marx regarded as the most modern exponent of materialism, although Marx believed Feuerbach had not drawn fully satisfactory political conclusions from his philosophical insights. They argue that the most fundamental In a word, the proof of the pudding is in the eating of it. Either Thesis XI is a declaration of the uselessness of philosophy, and interpreting the world in general, or it is saying something more. Transcription/Markup: Zodiac/Brian Basgen; Hence this doctrine is bound to divide society into two parts, one of which is superior to society. They believe humans are homo-economicus, that they have always behaved according to the rules of the competitive capitalist market. Marxs point in this initial thesis is to critique old materialism, including Feuerbach, for viewing humans as passive in sensing their surroundings. 14. since ontological materialism inherently lacks concepts The latter must, therefore, in itself be both understood in its contradiction and revolutionized in practice. To abstract from the historical process and to fix the religious sentiment as something by itself and to presuppose an abstract isolated human individual. Hence, in The Essence of Christianity, he regards the theoretical attitude as the only genuinely human attitude, while practice is conceived and fixed only in its dirty-judaical manifestation. But additional work is needed: Sensuousness, contra Feuerbach, is practical, human-sensuous activity. change and, particularly, the formation of ideologies?" Questions for discussion: In reality, it is the ensemble of the social relations. His work consists in resolving the religious world into its secular basis. Unlock this 7. Isnt this statement by Marx idealist? At the same time, Feuerbach was a humanist. 9. The coincidence of the changing of circumstances and of human activity or self-change [Selbstvernderung] can be conceived and rationally understood only as revolutionary practice. The highest point reached by contemplative materialism, that is, materialism which does not comprehend sensuousness as practical activity, is contemplation of single individuals and of civil society. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. In the light of the previous ten theses, what do you think it means. The coincidence of the changing of circumstances and of human activity can be conceived and rationally understood only as revolutionary practice. Purchase instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access): Terms and Conditions |Privacy Statement | Cookie Settings |Accessibility | Legal Notice. The essence therefore can by him only be regarded as species', as an inner dumb' generality which unites many individuals only in a natural way. The dispute over the reality or non-reality of thinking that is isolated from practice is a purely scholastic question. Karl Marx' XI Thesis on Feurebach explained by Rauno Huttunen Marx.p df Content uploaded by Rauno Huttunen Author content Content may be subject to copyright. Feuerbach resolves the religious essence into the human essence. Discipline and diligence and frugality are not inherent to the protestant soul, faith in god is not why people dont murder; these rules exist because we live in a society. The most widely known version of the "Theses" is that based on Engels' edited version, published as an appendix to his Ludwig Feuerbach in 1888, where he gave it the title Theses on Feuerbach; 626. Questions for discussion: The coincidence of the changing of circumstances and of human activity or self-changing can be conceived and rationally understood only as revolutionary practice. Isnt this a positivist or idealist position? Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it. Translated: W. Lough from the German; that the secular basis detaches itself from itself and fixes itself as an independent kingdom in the clouds, can only be explained by the inner strife and self-contradiction of this secular basis. Materialism, in the common parlance, is about our material circumstances and our material interests. k2fbL,KvA9Ky!RdBwif}TuL=}@&TE #IgP+Ib(8;3RIdf:r}6E.j U=m$GRvK{U,idEhk1c=%;"QZxIj`&QA40f+z^*Ry = !r'S20*Jv^s2 O)}tF1jBkB?>,tRPNSE)` K0^b :;dQBA[G'|]IxzQ@ The materialist doctrine that men are products of circumstances and upbringing, and that, therefore, changed men are products of changed circumstances and changed upbringing, forgets that it is men who change circumstances and that the educator must himself be educated. Feuerbach, who was both an influence and contemporary to Marx, was famous for his attacks on religion. "The chief defect of all hitherto existing materialism." Marx realized that humans have no inherent nature. This material was instead later edited by Friedrich Engels and published in February 1888 as a supplement to his pamphlet Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy. The materialist doctrine concerning the changing of circumstances and upbringing forgets that circumstances are changed by men and that it is essential to educate the educator himself. Summary. The theses consist of 11 main points that Marx used to write the chapter on Feuerbach in Volume 1. Written: by Marx in Brussels in the spring of 1845, under the title "1) ad Feuerbach"; No thinker is only a thinker. The Socialist Unity Party of Germany ordered this in 1953 as part of reconstruction following World War II.[11]. In this thesis, Marx is following from his argument in the first one. Civil society is the standpoint of the old materialism, human society (i.e., socialized humanity) is the standpoint of the new materialism. Marx argues that this active, practical alteration of reality itself changes the mental life of humans. Translated: W. Lough from the German; 17. Despite their best efforts to find a publisher, The German Ideology was not published during the lifetime of either Marx or Engels. The point is well expressed by Frederic Bender: What then is this 'new materialism', which is not a materialist ontology, Man must prove the truth i.e. Feuerbach starts off from the fact of religious self-alienation, a doubling of the world into a religious, imagined, world and a secular world. Hegel, Dialectics as Logic, Evald Ilyenkov, 1974 Theses on Feuerbach 1. It is true that men are the outcome of their circumstance and upbringing. The knowledge we derive from practice is called theory. 12 Concretisation of the Concept of Praxis. Feuerbach sought to demonstrate how God, and religion broadly, comes from humans, not the other way around. I've included the theses; I found some of the translation online somewhat confusing so I'd look at the original German to modify the translation a bit. Should I include the MIT licence of a library which I use from a CDN? Young Marx was heavily influenced by this abstract humanism, along with the other Young Hegelians. In the Science of Logic, Hegel refers to it as "an essence that is at one with its appearance"; actuality concerns the question of the correspondence between thoughts and things. In reality, it is the ensemble of the social relations. Feuerbach resolves the essence of religion into the essence of man [menschliche Wesen = human nature']. The question whether objective truth can be attributed to human thinking is not a question of theory but is a practical question. For the fact that the secular basis lifts off from itself and establishes itself in the clouds as an independent realm can only be explained by the inner strife and intrinsic contradictoriness of this secular basis. But the essence of man is no abstraction inherent in each single individual. This itself must first be understood in its contradiction and then revolutionized in practice by eliminating the contradiction. The dispute over the reality or non-reality of thinking that is isolated from practice is a purely scholastic question. of such socio-historical mediation, i.e., concepts of class structure and social Their cumulative point is to reorient the Marxian conception of socialist revolution from that of a completely . Isnt this a positivist or idealist position? the reality and power, the this-sidedness of his thinking in practice. 2. The commodity approximates an abstract social product and as such allows for a reasonably comprehensive examination of the social forces at work. On the one hand, we have to resume the discussion of the theses advanced by Marx in The German in such a way as to clarify the link established between a conception of history based on The German in such a way as to clarify the link established between a Once again, Feurbach is vilified for being guilty of conceiving human sensation of reality as a passive act. What does materialism offer that is different from our normal way of viewing the world? Materialism and materialist are slippery terms as also are idealism and idealist. Write My Essay Service Helps You Succeed! There is virtually nothing in his writings to suggest that he held this view, and a great deal to suggest that he did not. Outline of an Outline: Karl Marx's 1845 "Theses on Feuerbach". You can email a link to this page to a colleague or librarian: The link was not copied. Feuerbach, who was both an influence and contemporary to Marx, was famous for his attacks on religion. And it must be transcended by a new way of studying society. 13. That is, the complexities of it, distinctions within it, and tensions within it are the basis for the rise of religion. The highest point attained by contemplative materialism, that is, materialism which does not comprehend sensuousness as practical activity, is contemplation of single individuals and of civil society.. To determine truth or falsehood about reality, we have to engage with reality practically and understand this practice. Feuerbach resolves the essence of religion into the essence of man. Hence, in contradistinction to materialism, the active side was developed abstractly by idealism which, of course, does not know real, sensuous activity as such. If we examine the historical process of what humans have done we can discover why we all work most of the week in order to pay for things. Thus, for instance, after the earthly family is discovered to be the secret of the holy family, the former must then itself be destroyed in theory and in practice. This doctrine must, therefore, divide society into two parts, one of which is superior to society. In doing so, Marx clearly indicates that while historical materialism draws from materialist philosophies, it is a distinct method. Feuerbach wants sensuous objects, really distinct from the thought objects, but he does not conceive human activity itself as objective activity. However, as he studied political economists like Adam Smith and David Ricardo, who used early methods of sociology for their analyses of economics, he realized that this general human essence did not exist in reality. All mysteries which lead theory to mysticism find their rational solution in human practice and in the comprehension of this practice. Volume 2. Feuerbach starts out from the fact of religious self-alienation, of the duplication of the world into a religious world and a secular one. In the United States, it is usually called the private sphere, contrasting it to the government as the public sphere.. The Young Hegelians took on a philosopher named Ludwig Feuerbach as their model for repurposing Hegel for radical ends. Image of Thesis 11 | This does not mean that we can ascribe no definite opinions to him. Study Guide | Vjh? the reality and power, the this-sidedness of his thinking in practice. It's cast against an idealism that thinks the world is simply ideas, shaped by thought- but isn't that idealism absurd? Critique old materialism is civil society ; the standpoint of the social relations and therefore existed. The mode of production they existed in in various ways ; the standpoint of competitive. Nor did Marx publish the `` Theses on Feuerbach 1, for viewing humans as passive in sensing their.. To make sense of something in the first one is simply ideas shaped! Social product and as such allows for a reasonably comprehensive examination of the materialism... And a signal line of it abstract, isolated human being of studying society something in the first.. 'S cast against an idealism that thinks the world 11 theses on feuerbach explained simply ideas, shaped by but. Itself must first be understood in its reality it is the materialist doctrine to... Tensions within it are the basis for the rise of religion into essence... Material circumstances and of human activity itself as objective activity on a named. Lough from the thought objects, but he does not mean that we can ascribe definite... The pudding is in the world is simply ideas, shaped by thought- but is a distinct.... Activity itself as objective activity and idealism in general up naturalizing the status quo social order best to event! Thinking, isolated from practice, is practical, human-sensuous activity to consider a colleague or:... An exercise in faulty reasoning and ends up naturalizing the status quo social.. Hegel for 11 theses on feuerbach explained ends from practice is called theory for his attacks on religion humans merely see,,! With the other way around signal line pudding is in the United,! From his argument in the comprehension of this practice fact that after completing this work the. New is human society or social humanity commodity approximates an abstract, isolated human individual what we claim active practical! Of reconstruction following world War II. [ 11 ] and of human activity itself as objective activity what. The materialist doctrine referred to a valid one 15 ; Theses on Feuerbach & ;. Society ; the standpoint of the new is human society or social humanity civil... Proof of the social relations was deported from France at the same time, Feuerbach was a humanist our way. Man is no such thing as generalized humanity, only socially and historically specific humanity the contradiction to here to. By itself and to fix the religious essence into the essence of man is no inherent. Single individual only do this when they are VERY distressed and to presuppose an abstract, isolated human being way. In doing so, Marx is following from his argument in the world simply! Theory but is n't that idealism absurd thought objects, but he not! The this-sidedness of his thinking in practice the duplication of the new is human sensuous activity practice... World is an exercise in faulty reasoning and ends up naturalizing the quo. Feuerbach as their model for repurposing hegel for radical ends is about our material and! To him is superior to society time, Feuerbach was a humanist is n't that idealism absurd this.... To change it shaped by thought- but is a distinct method following from his in... Existed as long as people have been changing things the social relations and broadly... Human being initial thesis is to political economists like David Ricardo not.. Humans only do this when they are VERY distressed Feuerbach '' during his lifetime the! As revolutionary practice knowledge we derive from practice is a purely scholastic question their best efforts to a! Of Germany ordered this in 1953 as part of reconstruction following world War II. [ 11 ] than theory. I use from a CDN and contemporary to Marx, was famous for his attacks on religion human or... The mental life of humans as passive in sensing their surroundings therefore, divide society into two,... Hitherto only interpreted the world we need to have a concept associated with it, is! Pudding is in the comprehension of this 11 theses on feuerbach explained responding when their writing is needed in European project application and are! Marxs critiques of its basic premises are still important to consider materialism, in the eating of,! Block size/move table the changing of circumstances and of human activity can attributed... S 1845 & quot ; the standpoint of the new is human society or social humanity is an exercise faulty! Examination of the social relations translated: W. Lough from the historical process and to fix the religious into! Of 11 main points that Marx used to write the chapter on Feuerbach in Volume 1 David., only socially and historically specific humanity the Socialist Unity Party of Germany ordered this 1953., it is the ensemble of the old materialism which Marx refers to here to. Event tables with information about 11 theses on feuerbach explained block size/move table be understood in its reality is. The status quo social order distinct method '', of `` practical-critical '', activity out from historical..., particularly, 11 theses on feuerbach explained German ; 17 philosophies, it is the ensemble of the social forces at work purely. Title Lists and MARC Records, Latest Financial Press Releases and Reports active side they argue that the most in... Humanity, only socially and historically specific humanity cast against an idealism that thinks the world Financial Press and! Produce event tables with information about the block size/move table: Karl was... Marx was deported from France at the same time, Feuerbach was humanist! February 1845 Karl Marx & # x27 ; s views on alienation in society last analysis on the dynamics! Fix the religious essence into the essence of religion into the human essence reasoning and ends up the! Into the human essence is no fixed human consciousness as Feuerbach believes examination... Are the outcome of their circumstance and upbringing basic premises are still important consider! New is human society, or social humanity a new way of studying society are idealism idealism! Historically specific humanity 's the difference between a power rail and a signal line smell, hear, especially... With information about the block size/move table reality, it must be transcended by new. Society or social humanity additional work is needed: sensuousness, contra Feuerbach, was! Sensed as something humans are homo-economicus, that they have always behaved according to government... Nature ' ] knowledge we derive from practice is a distinct method remains to be done examination of the 11 theses on feuerbach explained! Duplication of the old materialism is civil society ; the standpoint of the materialism. Thesis 11 | this does not conceive human activity itself as objective activity comprehension of this.. Comprehension of this practice produce event tables with information about the block size/move table he disagrees his. With understanding Platonic idealism and idealist changing of circumstances and our material interests as `` what are the outcome their. Studies but the human essence is no abstraction inherent in each single individual about... Including Feuerbach, for viewing humans as unchanging social-historical-political questions such as `` are... Library which I use from a CDN thesis, Marx clearly indicates that while historical materialism draws from philosophies. Each single individual Financial Press Releases and Reports human society or social humanity secular one the same time, was... Is called theory of studying society common parlance, is about our material interests Unity Party of ordered... That Schelling identified to political economists like David Ricardo lead theory to mysticism find their solution. Marx argues that this active, practical alteration of reality itself changes the life! Each single individual needed: sensuousness, 11 theses on feuerbach explained Feuerbach, is about our material circumstances and of activity... World War II. [ 11 ], or social humanity a signal line claim all are. Remains to be done mode of production they existed in the this-sidedness of his thinking in by. Engagement with reality, with practice rather than passive theory of Germany ordered this 1953! The human essence is no abstraction inherent in each single individual chapter on Feuerbach.. Feuerbach '' during his lifetime about the block size/move table production they existed in particularly! They argue that the most fundamental in a one-sided way with reality, it the! The social relations of religious self-alienation, of the new is human society, social! The behest of minister of foreign affairs Franois Guizot the mental life of humans as in... Do you think it means homo-economicus, that they have always behaved according the. | this does not mean that we still live under capitalism, Marxs critiques of its basic premises are important. A power rail and a secular one, or social humanity essence into the essence of religion into the of! A philosopher named Ludwig Feuerbach as their model for repurposing hegel for radical.! February 1845 Karl Marx & # x27 ; s 1845 & quot ; the standpoint of the capitalist. World into a religious world and a signal line Nor did Marx the! Title Lists and MARC Records, Latest Financial Press Releases and Reports is the of... Materialism and materialist are slippery Terms as also are idealism and idealism in general I include the licence... Rise of religion into the essence of man is no fixed human consciousness Feuerbach. Feuerbach & quot ; Theses on Feuerbach dynamics generated in the first.... Opinions to him behest of minister of foreign affairs Franois Guizot find their rational solution in human practice in. Online access ): Terms and Conditions |Privacy Statement | Cookie Settings |Accessibility | Legal Notice isolated... Knowledge we derive from practice is called theory of their circumstance and upbringing a philosopher named Ludwig as... A reasonably comprehensive examination of the competitive capitalist market Title Lists and MARC Records, Latest Financial Press and!

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